Indonesian Journal of Cancer
Vol. 20 No. 3 (2026): September

A Case Series of Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges of Implementing the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Guideline: HCC Surgery Beyond BCLC Guideline

Rudi Napitupulu (Department of Digestive Surgery, Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia)
Christopher Christopher (Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia)
Jovan Muliyanto (Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia)
Kellyn Zenjaya (Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, Indonesia)
Nathanael Napitupulu (Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Sep 2026

Abstract

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer, the sixth most common neoplasm, and the third most common cause of cancer death. Because of the lack of screening for HCC, the findings when the patient first arrives are likely to be in the unresectable category according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) guideline. Several studies reported that liver resection is a potentially curative therapeutic option for HCC even for intermediate/advanced stage. Herein, we present three intermediate-stage HCC cases treated with liver resection beyond BCLC recommendations. Case Presentation: We report three cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), respectively at the age of 46, 60, and 70 years old, that were classified as unresectable according to the BCLC guideline. All the patients showed Child-Pugh B on preserved liver function. They also represent large tumors and multiple tumors, which are also responsible for being an unresectable criterion. We considered the limitations of therapeutic options, socioeconomic demographics, national health insurance, and the superior outcomes of liver resection from several studies. We tried to go beyond the limitations by choosing liver resection for the unresectable categories. Conclusion: The BCLC criteria for liver resection should be less stringent. Proper identification by a multidisciplinary team for surgical intervention provides the optimal option for extended survival for intermediate-stage HCC. The objective of the treatment is to enhance patient survival while preserving optimal quality of life.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

ijoc

Publisher

Subject

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Description

Indonesian Journal of Cancer is a peer-reviewed and open-access journal. This journal is published quarterly (in March, June, September, and December) by Dharmais Cancer Hospital - National Cancer Center. Submissions are reviewed under a broad scope of topics relevant to experimental and clinical ...