<![CDATA[Ammonia pollution in the Musi River resulting from domestic, industrial, and agricultural waste threatens aquatic ecosystems, necessitating effective and eco-friendly adsorbents such as water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaves. This study aims to analyze the effects of activation time and temperature variations on the characteristics and efficiency of water hyacinth leaf-based activated carbon in adsorbing ammonia from Musi River water. Synthesis involved carbonization at 400 °C, chemical activation with H₃PO₄, activation time variations (60, 90, and 120 minutes), and activation temperatures (400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C). Characterization included FTIR, PSA, moisture content, ash content, and specific surface area analysis. Ammonia concentration reduction was quantified using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 640 nm. The activated carbon exhibited a surface area of 162.08 m²/g, moisture content of 4.27%, ash content of 10.98%, and mean particle size of 1199.3 ± 64.7 nm. The optimum condition was obtained at 60 minutes activation and 600 °C, decreasing river water ammonia absorbance from 0.309 (initial concentration 0.00722 mg/L) to 0.082, achieving the highest removal efficiency of 73.46%. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests confirmed that activation time and temperature significantly affected adsorption performance (p < 0.05). In conclusion, water hyacinth leaf activated carbon is highly promising as a sustainable bio-adsorbent to reduce ammonia in polluted waters.]]>
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