<![CDATA[Background: Febrile neutropenia is a life-threatening condition in immunocompromised patients, particularly those receiving intensive therapies. Evidence regarding the clinical factors associated with mortality in Indonesian tertiary hospitals remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to identify factors associated with mortality among patients with febrile neutropenia at Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar in 2024. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 55 patients with febrile neutropenia. The associations of treatment room type (isolation vs. non-isolation), MASCC score (<21 vs. ≥21), cefepime therapy adequacy (<5 vs. ≥5 days), and length of hospitalization (>9 vs. ≤9 days) with mortality were evaluated using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Due to the limited sample size, multivariable analysis was not performed. Results: The overall mortality rate was 27.3% (15/55). Non-isolation room treatment was significantly associated with higher mortality (64.7% vs. 10.5%; PR = 6.2; 95% CI: 2.1–18.5; p < 0.001). A MASCC score <21 was also associated with increased mortality (59.1% vs. 6.1%; PR = 9.7; 95% CI: 2.8–33.6; p < 0.001). Inadequate cefepime therapy (<5 days) showed a significant association with mortality (61.1% vs. 10.8%; PR = 5.7; 95% CI: 1.9–17.0; p = 0.002). Length of stay was not significantly associated with mortality (p = 0.363). Conclusion: Non-isolation room treatment, low MASCC score, and inadequate cefepime therapy were associated with mortality among febrile neutropenia patients. Further prospective multicenter studies with multivariable analysis are required to confirm independent predictors.]]>
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