<![CDATA[This article examines the boundary between academic ethical violations and criminal liability in AI-assisted research data falsification by lecturers. The problem arises because the use of Artificial Intelligence in academic research may support scholarly productivity, but may also be misused to fabricate or falsify research data. This study uses normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and criminal-law doctrinal approaches. The article argues that AI-assisted research data falsification should first be assessed as a violation of academic integrity, particularly fabrication or falsification under Indonesian academic integrity regulations. However, such misconduct does not automatically constitute a criminal offense. Criminal liability may arise only when the act satisfies strict doctrinal parameters: intent, the legal function of the document, unlawful benefit, harm or legal consequence, and fulfillment of specific criminal elements. The article proposes a proportional model to prevent over-criminalization of academic misconduct while preserving the possibility of criminal law intervention in serious cases involving forged documents, fraud, electronic document manipulation, or state financial loss.]]>
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