<![CDATA[Milkfish pond productivity in Sidoarjo shows a measurable gap relative to the operational productivity reference used in this study. This study developed a farmer-level production constraint model for improving milkfish pond productivity in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Field data were collected from 30 active milkfish farmers in Buduran, Candi, and Sedati through structured interviews and field observation. Productivity was analyzed with feed conversion ratio, feed cost, operational cost, dissolved oxygen, salinity, ammonia, and labor involvement. The model was formulated using descriptive statistics, productivity-gap analysis, constraint classification, causal loop structure, and stock-flow representation. The results showed that average productivity reached 3.39 ton/ha/cycle, leaving a deficit of 1.11 ton/ha/cycle from the external operational reference of 4.50 ton/ha/cycle. The main constraint domains were feed efficiency, economic capacity, pond-water condition, and labor-management capacity. The model is intended as a diagnostic representation of the observed farmer-level system rather than as a statistically estimated prediction model. The framework identifies feed-use efficiency, financial feasibility, water-quality management, and labor-management routines as potential domains for further farm-level assessment. Further quantitative optimization using the simplex method is recommended to determine feasible input combinations under farmer-level constraints.]]>
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