Dinamika Populasi dan Faktor Risiko Manajemen Pemeliharaan Breeding Sapi Bali pada UPTD PTHPT Api-Api di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

Desy Raharjo (Program Study of Wet Tropical Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Mulawarman. Jl. Krayan Kampus Gunung Kelua Gedung C18, Samarinda 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.)
Muh Ichsan Haris (Laboratory Production and Animal Technology, Agriculture Faculty, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia.)
Ari Wibowo (Laboratory Production and Animal Technology, Agriculture Faculty, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia.)
Roosena Yusuf (Laboratory Production and Animal Technology, Agriculture Faculty, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia.)
Skorn Koonawootrittriron (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand)
Suhardi Suhardi (Laboratory Production and Animal Technology, Agriculture Faculty, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia)

Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia
Vol 21 No 3 (2026)

Government breeding units sustain the population and genetic quality of Bali cattle, Indonesia's principal indigenous beef breed, yet their herd performance is rarely documented through routine administrative records. This study examined population dynamics and herd-management patterns of Bali cattle at the Api-Api Livestock Breeding and Forage Technical Unit (UPTD PTHPT), Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan, using monthly population ledgers for January–December 2025 and a body-measurement and body condition score (BCS) survey of 115 records. The herd grew from 127 to 171 head (+34.6%), driven by 42 births and 19 heifers received through a coal-mining company partnership program, offset by 3 deaths (2.4%) and 14 other exits, mainly sales and ceremonial donations. All recorded deaths occurred in calves. The adult share of the herd declined from 45.7% to 32.2% as young stock accumulated. Mean body weight was 167.3 ± 84.5 kg and mean BCS was 3.36 ± 0.76, with chest girth strongly correlated with body weight (r = 0.955). Population growth therefore depended heavily on external donations rather than reproduction alone, and calf survival together with consistent exit-cause recording emerged as priority areas for strengthening breeding management at this unit.