Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review
Vol. 21 No. 2 (2026): May

A Legal Analysis of Evidence and Law Enforcement for Victims of Deepfake Pornography in Indonesia : Analisis Yuridis Pembuktian dan Penegakan Hukum Korban dalam Deepfake Pornografi di Indonesia

Deva Putra Tegas Sakti (Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
Mochammad Tanzil Multazam (Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)



Article Info

Publish Date
24 Sep 2026

Abstract

General Background: Artificial intelligence has enabled realistic digital manipulation through deepfake technology, including non-consensual pornographic content that creates legal challenges for victims. Specific Background: Deepfake pornography raises issues concerning criminal qualification, electronic evidence, privacy, personal data, and legal remedies within Indonesia’s legal system. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies have addressed deepfake regulation, privacy, sexual violence, and criminalization, but comprehensive analysis integrating victim-oriented enforcement, electronic evidence, and multiple legal instruments remains limited. Aims: This study analyzes the legal qualification of deepfake pornography, electronic evidence mechanisms, and legal enforcement available to victims under Indonesian law. Results: Using normative legal research with a statutory approach, this study examines primary and secondary legal materials through deductive, grammatical, and systematic interpretation. The findings indicate that deepfake pornography involves overlapping legal norms across criminal, electronic information, pornography, personal data protection, sexual violence, and copyright regulations. Establishing electronic evidence requires layered validation involving facial biometric identification, digital forensic analysis, and preservation of the chain of custody. Victims may pursue criminal and civil remedies, including an unlawful act claim, although implementation faces regulatory lag, limited forensic capacity, and low digital legal literacy. Novelty: The study integrates cross-sectoral legal analysis with technical examination of electronic evidence and victim-oriented legal remedies. Implications: The findings support the need for specific legal reform, integrated digital forensic standards, stronger enforcement capacity, and improved digital legal literacy. Key Findings Highlights Overlapping statutory provisions create complex legal qualification issues for deepfake pornography. Facial biometric verification and digital forensic examination are central to validating manipulated content. Criminal and civil remedies provide legal avenues for victims while implementation faces practical limitations. Keywords : Deepfake Pornography, Digital Evidence, Legal Protection, Personal Data, Cybercrime

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Journal Info

Abbrev

ijler

Publisher

Subject

Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

Description

Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review (IJLER) is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo four times a year. This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of ...