<![CDATA[Indonesia’s regional autonomy and fiscal decentralization reforms assign substantial public-service responsibilities to provincial governments, but cross-agency budget coordination remains institutionally demanding. A Bengkulu-centered comparative policy analysis was developed of the formal planning and budgeting arrangements relevant to Bengkulu, Jambi, West Sumatra, and South Sumatra. Rather than presenting unverified interview counts or comparative performance scores, it synthesizes decentralization, public financial management, collaborative governance, and environmental governance scholarship and examines the institutional logic of shared national budget rules. An integrated framework comprising 18 indicators in six dimensions—planning alignment, budget integration, institutional coordination, participation, ecological integration, and accountability—serves as a diagnostic instrument for future documentary and field-based verification. The framework highlights potential institutional tensions between single-agency budget authority and cross-cutting policy problems, particularly in upland landscapes that traverse administrative jurisdictions. It develops a four-step budget collaboration ladder and outlines policy options including earlier joint-priority negotiation, common program tagging, stronger cross-agency accountability, and spatially coordinated environmental planning. These are analytically derived propositions and recommendations, not estimated empirical effects or measured differences among the four provinces. The framework provides a transparent basis for further comparative testing once complete administrative and field data become available.]]>
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