Factors associated with pre eclampsia: A cross-sectional study

Taufik Firdaus Tahir (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Bina Husada, Palembang, Indonesia)
Akhmad Dwi Priyatno (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Bina Husada, Palembang, Indonesia)
Dianita Ekawati (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Bina Husada, Palembang, Indonesia)

Lentera Perawat
Vol. 7 No. 4 (2026): October - December

Background: Preeclampsia remains a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Routine data from Musi Banyuasin Regency indicate an increase in reported cases from 460 in 2021 to 753 in 2025, while local evidence on factors associated with preeclampsia in referral hospitals remains limited. Objective: To examine the associations of maternal age, parity, history of preeclampsia, obesity, and knowledge with preeclampsia and to estimate the independent associations of parity and obesity after adjustment in a multivariable model. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Sekayu Regional General Hospital, Musi Banyuasin Regency, from February to May 2026. A purposive sample of 97 pregnant women was included. Clinical variables were obtained from medical records, and knowledge was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for bivariable analyses; Fisher's exact test was applied when a zero cell occurred. Binary logistic regression was used for the multivariable model. Reporting was guided by STROBE. Results: Of 97 participants, 38 (39.2%) had preeclampsia. In bivariable analysis, multiparous women had a higher proportion of preeclampsia than primiparous women; with primiparity as the exposure category, the OR was 0.245 (95% CI 0.101–0.596; p=0.002). A history of preeclampsia showed a very strong association, but the OR could not be estimated because of complete separation (Fisher's exact p<0.001). Obesity was associated with higher odds of preeclampsia (OR=6.000; 95% CI 2.394–15.036; p<0.001). Low knowledge was also associated with preeclampsia in bivariable analysis (OR=2.339; 95% CI 1.011–5.412; p=0.047), whereas maternal age was not significantly associated (OR=2.014; 95% CI 0.781–5.193; p=0.147). In the final model, obesity (aOR=5.848; 95% CI 2.218–15.423; p<0.001) and parity (aOR=0.253; 95% CI 0.096–0.663; p=0.005) remained associated with preeclampsia. Conclusion: Obesity and parity were independently associated with preeclampsia in this hospital-based sample. A history of preeclampsia showed a strong association but could not be modeled using standard logistic regression because of complete separation. Interpretation should account for the cross-sectional design, purposive sampling, small sample size, and measurement limitations affecting several variables.