Background: This research was conducted with the aim of: (1) knowing and explaining the nature of customary rights as the rights of customary law communities; (2) knowing, explaining and finding solutions to the factors that influence the legal protection of customary rights of customary law communities in East Kalimantan Province and (3) knowing and explaining the form of harmonization of customary rights regulations in East Kalimantan Province with the national legal system. Research Metodes: The results of this study show that: The essence of legal protection of customary rights of customary law communities in East Kalimantan Province is by creating legal certainty, justice and benefits for customary rights. Findings: This means that the Recognition and Protection of Customary Land Rights of Customary Law Communities in East Kalimantan Province still faces obstacles both in terms of legal substance.(legal substancy), legal structure(legal structure), legal culture(legal culture), legal awareness, facilities and infrastructure as well as in the case of the lack of harmony in the regulation of customary rights both vertically and horizontally.
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