<![CDATA[Purpose – This study aims to examine the effects of financial attitude and income level on retirement fund planning among traditional market traders at Pasar Besar Kota Malang, with internal locus of control as a moderating variable. The research seeks to identify factors that influence retirement preparation behavior among traders who face income fluctuations and financial management challenges. Design/methodology/approach – This study employs a quantitative explanatory research approach. The research population consists of traders at Pasar Besar Kota Malang. A simple random sampling technique was applied, resulting in 100 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) to examine the direct effects of financial attitude and income level, as well as the moderating role of internal locus of control on retirement fund planning. Findings – The findings indicate that financial attitude and income level have a significant effect on retirement fund planning. Furthermore, internal locus of control significantly moderates the relationship between income level and retirement fund planning. These results demonstrate that both financial conditions and individual psychological control play important roles in shaping retirement preparation behavior among traditional market traders. Originality/value – This study contributes to financial behavior literature by highlighting the moderating role of internal locus of control in retirement fund planning among traditional market traders, a context that remains relatively underexplored. The findings provide empirical insights for governments and financial institutions in developing financial education programs and inclusive policies aimed at improving retirement preparedness among informal sector workers.]]>
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