<![CDATA[The criminalization of cohabitation under Article 412 of Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code raises questions regarding the relationship between societal morality and the boundaries of criminalization. This study examines whether the moral values prevalent in society can serve as a basis for the legitimacy of criminalization and how the legitimacy of criminalizing cohabitation is viewed from the perspective of the relationship between law and morality. This study aims to analyze the role of moral values as a basis for criminalization as well as the legitimacy of regulations on cohabitation in the National Criminal Code. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach through a literature review. The results of the study indicate that societal moral values can serve as one of the bases for criminalization but cannot be the sole basis. Criminalization must still take into account the principles of legality, proportionality, subsidiarity, the protection of human rights, and the legal interests to be protected. Thus, the criminalization of cohabitation requires clear legal grounds as well as proportional restrictions on individual rights and freedoms.]]>
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