<![CDATA[The purpose of this study is to design a Tawhid-based HRD model that embraces spirituality, digital competence, and ethical responsibility in response to digital economic disruption. This study employed a qualitative Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The literature review was conducted using qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis, then conceptual synthesis to identify the critical elements of the HRD model. The results of this study revealed that the process of human resource development in the digital economy necessitates a conceptual framework that encompasses tawhid consciousness, adaptive digital competence, and ethical/social responsibility. Based on this, the proposed Tawhid-based Human Resource Development Model includes three interrelated dimensions, namely, (1) tawhid as the spiritual and epistemological dimension, (2) adaptive digital competence as the competence dimension, and (3) ethics/social responsibility as the behavioral dimension. This model contributes to the existing literature by framing tawhid as a fundamental dimension that links technological competence and ethical/spiritual responsibility in human resource development in the digital economy.]]>
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