<![CDATA[Any data corruption that happens between the two storage paths while they are both active can go unnoticed. The 20 records supplied were used to conduct a systematic review of how data-integrity validation can be organized as the volumes move between Fibre Channel (FC) and Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) paths. Evidence of the effects of storage errors, flash media, fabric performance, protocol digests, and migration mechanics was aggregated and treatment was added to an analytical model of validation cost and residual risk. Field data revealed 0.86% disks with checksum mismatches on nearline disks and 0.065% FC enterprise disks with checksum mismatches; 3.45% disks with latent sector errors. The application throughput was 20% lower with remote flash access over the Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) than without it, while NVMe over Fabrics introduced 11.7 µs of latency. With a corruption probability of 10⁻⁷ per block, the model predicted that about 6.25×10⁻⁹ blocks would be corrupted each time 1 TiB was migrated, but, as the 4 GiB/s full inline validation showed, pre-copy migration was not convergent. A compromise was reached by sampling the digest on the fly during the copying process and then comparing the final digest with the on disk digest. The main research gap identified is having no direct empirical study on FC-to-NVMe migration.]]>
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