Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI)
Vol 14, No 3: September 2026

Accuracy and Stability Trade-off in RSSI Window Aggregation for MLP-Based Wi-Fi Indoor Positioning

Wahyu Arthanugraha (Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare)
Abdul Halim Ismail (Universiti Malaysia Perlis)
Shahrul Nizam Yaakob (Universiti Malaysia Perlis)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Sep 2026

Abstract

Wi-Fi RSSI fingerprinting is practical for indoor positioning, but short-term signal fluctuations can reduce classification consistency. This study evaluates how fixed RSSI window size affects the accuracy, stability, and sample availability of an MLP-based indoor positioning system. RSSI from three Access Points was collected at 45 ordered corridor positions. Non-overlapping windows with n=1,3,5,7,9,11,15,21 and 29 were represented by the mean and standard deviation of three RSSI channels. The MLP was assessed using stratified 5-fold cross-validation with supplementary order-blocked validation. Relative to the n=1 baseline Accuracy of 68.24%, n=7 achieved 90.60 ± 0.71% Accuracy, 95.08 ± 1.31% Top-2 Accuracy, 0.9047 ± 0.0060 Macro-F1, and 0.4319 ± 0.1364 Ordinal Error. Larger windows achieved higher mean Accuracy but sharply reduced window-level samples and increased fold-to-fold variability. Order-blocked validation produced more conservative estimates and shifted the strongest performance region toward n=9 to n=11. These findings show that fixed-window selection should consider predictive performance, evaluation stability, sample availability, and validation design rather than maximum Accuracy alone.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

IJEEI

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Description

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) is a peer reviewed International Journal in English published four issues per year (March, June, September and December). The aim of Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) is to publish high-quality ...