Journal of Information Technology
Vol 14 No 03 (2026): Journal of Information and Technology

Clustering of Myopia Patients Based on Severity Level, Geographic Area, Age, and Gender Using the K-Means Algorithm: A Case Study of Indra Optik Blitar

Ayuna Rahim Imannur (Universitas Islam Balitar, Blitar, Indonesia)
Abdi Pandu Kusuma (Universitas Islam Balitar, Blitar, Indonesia)
Wahyu Dwi Puspitasari (Universitas Islam Balitar, Blitar, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
23 Sep 2026

Abstract

Indra Optik Blitar manages a large volume of patient medical record data that has not yet been utilized to support strategic decision-making. This study aims to cluster myopia refractive error patients based on their severity level, region, age, and gender characteristics using the K-Means algorithm, and to evaluate the quality of the resulting clusters using the Silhouette Coefficient. The research process follows the Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) framework, encompassing data selection, preprocessing, feature engineering, Min-Max Scaling normalization, and clustering execution. From 14,863 raw data entries, 6,821 valid records were obtained after three filtering layers: demographic, geographic, and clinical. Feature engineering was performed by converting four raw refraction variables into a single Worst_SE (Worst Spherical Equivalent) variable and transforming district address data into latitude and longitude coordinates. Feature weighting was automatically optimized using the Optuna framework with the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (TPE) algorithm through 100 optimization trials. The optimal number of clusters was determined using a combination of the Elbow Method and Silhouette Coefficient, resulting in K = 5. The K-Means algorithm with K-Means++ initialization achieved convergence at iteration 20, producing five clusters with distinctive characteristics. Evaluation using the Silhouette Coefficient yielded an average score of 0.4144, which, given the high dimensionality and heterogeneity of the combined clinical, demographic, and geographic features, represents a moderately well-separated cluster structure suitable for practical application. The five clusters formed represent patient segments that differ clinically, demographically, and geographically, providing a data-driven foundation for Indra Optik Blitar to design more targeted marketing strategies, eye health socialization programs, and social assistance initiatives.  

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Journal Info

Abbrev

J-INTECH

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT

Description

Journal of Information and Technology is a journal published by Bhinneka Nusantara University, Malang. The scope of this journal includes IT Governance, IS Strategic Planning, IS Theory and Practices, Management Information System, IT Project Management, Distance Learning, E-Government, Information ...