<![CDATA[This study analyzes the effect of financial literacy and financial attitude on retirement financial readiness among Human Resource (HR) managers in the manufacturing sector of Batam City, Indonesia. HR managers design and administer employee pension programs, yet their own retirement preparedness has rarely been examined. A quantitative associative-causal design was employed. Data were collected in July 2026 from 47 HR managers selected through purposive sampling using an online five-point Likert questionnaire, and analyzed using multiple linear regression following reliability and classical assumption tests. The results show that financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on retirement financial readiness (B = 0.857; p < 0.001), whereas financial attitude has a positive but non-significant effect (B = 0.185; p = 0.195). Simultaneously, both variables significantly affect retirement financial readiness (F = 35.19; p < 0.001) and explain 61.5 percent of its variance. Although respondents reported highly positive financial attitudes, their retirement readiness scores were the lowest of the three constructs, indicating that favorable attitudes do not translate into preparedness without adequate technical knowledge. These findings imply that manufacturing companies should prioritize knowledge-based financial education, such as pension product training and retirement needs simulation, over attitude-oriented programs alone.]]>
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