<![CDATA[Foreign language acquisition in pesantren is strongly influenced by the sociocultural environment created by the kyai as the central authority within the educational system. However, studies explaining language diffusion and immersion patterns in pesantren remain limited. Purpose. This study aims to formulate and develop the Theory of Language Ring, a hierarchical-concentric model of language diffusion within the sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic system of pesantren, with a case study at Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. Method. This study employed qualitative developmental research using a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through observations of the kyai, teachers, students, environment, and alumni of Gontor. The study also integrated sociolinguistic, psycholinguistic, and circular motion theories. Data were analyzed through reduction, display, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. Findings. The findings reveal that the Theory of Language Ring represents a unique model of language immersion and acquisition in pesantren. The kyai functions as the central linguistic authority whose speech prestige and hierarchical influence shape language diffusion among students. This immersive linguistic environment significantly supports foreign language acquisition, including among new students. Conclusion. This study concludes that language diffusion in pesantren operates through hierarchical and cultural mechanisms centered on the kyai’s authority and role modeling. Originality. This study proposes the Theory of Language Ring as a new contribution to Islamic sociolinguistics and culturally based foreign language education in pesantren.]]>
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