<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze human resource management (HRM) practices, their institutional implementation, and their implications for teacher performance in Madrasah Aliyah in Jember and Bondowoso Regencies, East Java, Indonesia. The research was conducted in five madrasah, consisting of two public non-pesantren institutions and three private pesantren-based institutions. A qualitative multi-site case study design was employed. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving principals, teachers, vice principals, supervisors, and school committee members. The data were analyzed using thematic coding techniques. The findings indicate that HRM practices are operational and contextual, focusing more on fulfilling institutional needs than on long-term strategic workforce planning. HRM implementation is strongly influenced by the leadership of the principal, while pesantren-based madrasah integrate religious values into teacher development. The quality of HRM implementation affects teacher motivation, pedagogical readiness, and professionalism. This study identifies an operational-driven and value-integrated HRM pattern as a contextual model of HRM in madrasah.]]>
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