<![CDATA[Mechanical aeration is essential in intensive coastal aquaculture (particularly shrimp ponds) to maintain dissolved oxygen (DO) and sustain high stocking densities, yet it frequently dominates farm electricity consumption. Concurrently, feed-derived nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) accumulate in pond water and sediments and may be exported through water exchange and harvesting effluents, potentially intensifying coastal eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, and hypoxia. This narrative literature review integrates mechanical engineering viewpoints (aerator typologies, oxygen transfer performance metrics such as SOTR/SAE, mixing/circulation behavior, and energy demand) with environmental engineering outcomes (nutrient transformations, water-quality variables, and effluent nutrient loads) and extends the discussion to receiving ecosystems at the coast–mangrove interface. Energy-focused assessments highlight large variability in aeration energy intensity and identify avoidable over-aeration as a major inefficiency source. Beyond demand reduction, renewable/off-grid supply becomes relevant in remote coastal settings; techno-economic optimization of floating PV/battery systems indicates feasible and reliable aeration power under day- and night-aeration scenarios. Environmental evidence links pond effluents to elevated nutrients and chlorophyll-a in adjacent coastal waters, motivating designs that evaluate effluent loads alongside DO control. Mangrove studies further indicate complex ecological consequences of nutrient enrichment and redox-driven nitrogen fate (denitrification vs DNRA) that determines whether nitrogen is removed as N₂ or retained as bioavailable NH₄⁺. The review proposes an integrated “mechanical performance–water quality–effluent load–receiving ecosystem” framework and recommends a practical minimum set of reporting metrics to align aeration innovations with energy efficiency and eutrophication risk reduction.]]>
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