A Systematic Review of Loyalty in Urban Green Spaces: Bibliometric Mapping and TCCM Analysis

Menglan Huang (School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia School of Geographic and Geomatics Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100)
Nor Fadzila Aziz (School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800)
Jiali Liu (School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia School of Art and Design, Jiangxi Institute of Fashion Technology, Nanchang 330201)
Huaheng Shen (School of Fine Arts and Design, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000)

Forum Geografi
Vol. 40 No. 1 (2026): April 2026

Urban green spaces (UGS) play an essential role in environmental sustainability, public health and so-cial well-being. Understanding user loyalty to these spaces is increasingly important for their long-term governance and effective management. This study conducts a systematic review of 38 peer-reviewed articles on UGS loyalty published between 2010 and 2025 and indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Using VOSviewer and Scimago Graphica to map keyword co-occurrence and publi-cation trends, supported by content analysis guided by the theory–context–characteristics–methods framework, the review reveals fragmented theoretical foundations, uneven geographic distribution of studies and predominant reliance on quantitative methods. Core constructs such as place attachment, satisfaction and revisit intention are often analysed yet usually lack a stable conceptual foundation. The results give us valuable information about loyalty determinants and mechanisms, as well as help-ful insights for urban planning and environmental governance. This study also identifies future re-search demands, such as expanding contextual coverage, improving theoretical integration and imple-menting more diverse and longitudinal methodological approaches.