Analisis Pasal 1238 KUHPerdata dan Pasal 36 Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah terhadap Wanprestasi Praktik Jual Beli Kredit

Irania Nuralif (Prodi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Syariah, Universitas Islam Bandung)
Arif Rijal Anshori (Prodi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Syariah, Universitas Islam Bandung)
Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida (Prodi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Syariah, Universitas Islam Bandung)

Bandung Conference Series : Sharia Economic Law
377-382

Abstract. This study analyzes breach of contract (wanprestasi) in credit sale practices based on Article 1238 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and Article 36 of the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law (KHES), with a case study at a grocery stall (warung sembako) in Jatisari Village, Karawang. Transactions were carried out informally without written agreements, relying solely on trust and manual records. Many buyers experienced delays or failed to make payments, which constitutes a breach of contract. The research uses a normative juridical approach to examine the applicable legal provisions, and an empirical approach through interviews with sellers and buyers. The findings indicate that KUHPerdata emphasizes formal elements such as grace periods and notices of default, while KHES focuses on violations of the contract (akad) itself. Breaches were typically resolved through informal, familial means, without legal proceedings. The study concludes that in local practice, social norms and trust outweigh formal legal mechanisms. Therefore, legal education and guidance on sharia-based contracts are needed to ensure credit sales are conducted fairly and in accordance with both positive law and Islamic law. Abstrak. Penelitian ini menganalisis wanprestasi dalam praktik jual beli kredit berdasarkan Pasal 1238 KUHPerdata dan Pasal 36 KHES, dengan studi kasus warung sembako di Desa Jatisari, Karawang. Transaksi dilakukan secara informal tanpa perjanjian tertulis, hanya mengandalkan kepercayaan dan catatan manual. Banyak pembeli mengalami keterlambatan atau gagal bayar, yang termasuk wanprestasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif untuk mengkaji ketentuan hukum, dan empiris melalui wawancara dengan penjual serta pembeli. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa KUHPerdata menitikberatkan unsur formal seperti lewat waktu atau teguran, sedangkan KHES menekankan pada pelanggaran terhadap akad. Penyelesaian wanprestasi dilakukan secara kekeluargaan, tanpa melibatkan jalur hukum formal. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam praktik lokal, norma sosial dan kepercayaan lebih dominan daripada mekanisme hukum. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan edukasi hukum dan pembinaan akad syariah agar jual beli kredit berjalan adil dan sesuai hukum positif maupun syariah.