<![CDATA[Lung cancer detection using CT imaging requires accurate lung segmentation and nodule classification. This study evaluates SegFormer configurations and hybrid CNN–Transformer models using the LIDC-IDRI dataset. Initial experiments showed that pretrained and from-scratch SegFormer models failed to detect target classes, while fine-tuning achieved IoU scores of 0.6628 and 0.6244 for the right and left lungs, respectively, with corresponding F1-scores of 0.7972 and 0.7688. However, nodule segmentation remained challenging (IoU 0), with limited improvement using a Nodule Loader (IoU 0.1487, F1 0.2589). Compared with recent models reporting Dice scores above 94%, SegFormer demonstrated lower segmentation performance. For classification, standalone ViT, ResNet, and DeepLab achieved accuracies of 72%, 61%, and 82%, respectively, whereas hybrid ResNet+ViT and DeepLab+ViT achieved 98% and 99.54%. Despite these improvements, class imbalance reduced minority-class nodule recall and weighted F1-scores. Overall, fine-tuned SegFormer effectively segments major lung structures but struggles with nodules, while hybrid CNN–Transformer classifiers achieve high accuracy yet require improved class balancing for reliable clinical generalization.]]>
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