<![CDATA[This study examines criminal liability for unauthorized forest clearing in Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi, focusing particularly on field supervisors and their criminal liability. The case involves approximately nine hectares in Daraga Hamlet, Passelloreng Village, Gilireng District, cleared with two excavators without authorization. This normative legal study uses statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, with prescriptive and deductive analysis of forestry legislation, Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code, legal literature, and official case information. It examines whether forest clearing constitutes a forestry offense and when supervisors incur liability under the fault principle and participation doctrine. The findings indicate that unauthorized clearing may constitute a forestry crime. However, designation as a suspect or performance of supervisory duties does not automatically establish guilt. Investigators must prove the supervisor’s knowledge of the forest status, absence of authorization, and intentional participation. Liability based on participation also requires evidence of conscious cooperation toward a common objective.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
