<![CDATA[Household-scale biomass combustion requires air-supply regulation to limit temperature fluctuations and improve waste reduction. This study evaluated an ESP32-based two-position (ON–OFF) controller with a ±5 °C hysteresis band for a household-scale organic solid waste incinerator. A K-type thermocouple and MAX6675 module measured the chamber temperature; the ESP32 switched a relay-controlled blower between lower and upper thresholds of 345 °C and 355 °C around a 350 °C setpoint, displayed data locally, and transmitted them to ThingSpeak. Free-combustion tests with dried leaves, wood twigs, and coconut shells informed the setpoint. Comparative tests used 3 kg of equal-mass mixed biomass with staged feeding, and each condition was repeated three times. Compared with free combustion, control reduced mean combustion duration from 1600.3 to 1006.7 s, increased mean combustion rate from 1.744 × 10⁻³ to 2.935 × 10⁻³ kg/s, and increased mean mass-reduction efficiency from 93.00% to 98.52%. Temperature oscillated around the setpoint during active combustion. The study evaluates a simple feedback-based air-supply controller under the tested biomass conditions; it does not propose a new control algorithm. Relay-switching frequency, component durability, and exhaust emissions were not quantified. Thus, the results indicate improved measured combustion performance but do not establish complete oxidation or environmental safety.]]>
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