<![CDATA[This study aimed to develop an instrument and obtain preliminary validity and psychometric evidence for measuring energy literacy and sustainable behavior among senior high school students. The instrument was developed using the ADDIE model and comprised three dimensions: energy knowledge, energy attitudes, and sustainable behavior. The initial instrument contained 64 items: 28 dichotomous knowledge items, 16 four-point Likert attitude items, and 20 four-point frequency behavior items. Four experts assessed content validity using the Content Validity Index (CVI), and Rasch analysis examined responses from 94 students (37 Grade X and 57 Grade XI). The I-CVI for all items and the S-CVI/Ave were both 1.000. Rasch analysis identified three misfitting items—Items 2 and 10 in energy knowledge and Item 9 in sustainable behavior. Removing these items resulted in a 61-item instrument. Person reliability ranged from 0.79 to 0.84, while item reliability ranged from 0.84 to 0.93. Wright maps indicated reasonable central item coverage but weaker targeting at higher levels of energy attitudes and sustainable behavior. Principal Component Analysis of Rasch Residuals indicated that the residual structure requires further investigation; strict unidimensionality was not conclusively established. Exploratory Welch’s t-tests showed higher person measures among Grade XI students in energy knowledge (p < .001), energy attitudes (p = .004), and sustainable behavior (p = .044). Overall, the findings provide preliminary evidence rather than definitive validation. Larger and more diverse samples are needed to further examine the instrument’s internal structure and generalizability.]]>
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