<![CDATA[An on-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) system with battery storage can enhance renewable energy utilization and maintain the stability of household electricity supplies. This study analyzes battery response to daily load fluctuations in a grid-tied solar PV system. We conducted testing over 14 days using a system comprising a 2.4 kWp solar PV array, a 48 V 200 Ah LiFePO₄ battery, and a 3,000 W hybrid inverter. Data on voltage, current, State of Charge (SoC), load power, PV output, and grid supply were recorded every 15 minutes. The results indicate that peak load reached 1,845 W during the evening. The battery responded to load changes within 0.9–1.4 seconds, achieving 90.2% cycle efficiency and an average SoC of 69%. The daily energy demand of 8.40 kWh was met by the solar PV system (58%), the battery (24.5%), and the grid (17.5%). Energy self-sufficiency reached 82.5%, and grid power fluctuations were reduced by 70.1%. These findings demonstrate that the battery enhances solar energy utilization and the reliability of the household power supply]]>
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