Productive Zakat and Women’s Economic Empowerment In Post-Covid-19 Indonesia: A Sharia Economic Law Analysis

Bani Salamah (Universias Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia)
Ratu Humaemah (Universitas Ibnu Khaldun, Indonesia)
Dina Diana (Universitas Islam Tazkia, Indonesia)
Sarniti Sarniti (Universias Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia)
Sholahuddin Ashani (Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara)

Mawaddah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam
##issue.vol## 4 ##issue.no## 2 (2026): November

Although productive zakat has attracted increasing scholarly attention as an instrument of poverty alleviation and economic development, its integration with women's economic agency, gender justice, and Sharia-compliant institutional governance remains insufficiently conceptualized. This study examines how productive zakat can be governed as a gender-responsive instrument of women's economic empowerment in post-COVID-19 Indonesia, particularly concerning beneficiary rights, ownership transfer (tamlik), and the legal status of productive financing arrangements. Employing a qualitative approach that integrates a structured literature review with doctrinal Sharia legal analysis, the study examines scholarly publications from 2016–2026, foundational Islamic jurisprudential sources, relevant Indonesian legislation, fatwas, and institutional reports. Sources are assessed through eligibility-based selection, thematic coding informed by Kabeer's resources–agency–achievements framework, and textual and contextual legal interpretation. The reviewed literature identifies business capital, entrepreneurship training, mentoring, market access, and digital inclusion as potentially relevant mechanisms for women's economic empowerment, although their effectiveness depends on institutional capacity, household relations, and women's control over productive resources. The doctrinal analysis distinguishes direct zakat transfers from qard hasan, mudharabah, and institutional investment, emphasizing that financing arrangements must preserve beneficiary eligibility, ownership rights, and Sharia compliance. The study proposes the Gender-Responsive Productive Zakat Governance Framework (GRPZGF), integrating legal safeguards, capability development, economic agency, and institutional accountability. It concludes that productive zakat may contribute to women's empowerment and gender justice when legally compliant resource allocation is combined with gender-responsive program design and sustained institutional support. These conclusions are conceptual and normative rather than evidence of causal impact.