<![CDATA[This study examines the effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on mathematics learning outcomes and problem-solving skills, identifies the factors that support and hinder its implementation, and maps its recent innovations in mathematics education at national and international levels. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 protocol on 24 articles indexed in Scopus and SINTA and published between 2020 and 2026. The synthesis shows that PBL outperforms conventional instruction in improving learning outcomes, problem solving, critical thinking, collaboration, and student engagement. Successful implementation depends on teacher readiness, the use of instructional media, and active student involvement, whereas the main barriers are limited time, insufficient teacher readiness, and student passivity. Recent innovations combine PBL with digital platforms, GeoGebra, and other technology-based pedagogies. PBL is therefore an effective and adaptable instructional model across educational levels.]]>
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