Intelligent IoT-based Solar Tracker Using Fuzzy Logic Takagi-Sugeno Kang for Energy Optimization for Melon Hydroponic Monitoring

Muhammad Ghifari Fadza Thoriq (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia)
Nurhayati Nurhayati (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia)
Ruqayyah Hassan Labo (Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria)
Raimundo Eider Figueredo (Maxwell Microwave and Applied Electromagnetism Laboratory, Instituto Federal de São Paulo (IFSP), Cubatão, Brazil)
Nurulazlina Ramli (Centre for Advanced Electrical & Electronic System (CAEES), SEGi University Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia)

Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA
Vol. 27 No. 05 (2026): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464) In Progress

Hydroponic melon quality depends on tightly controlled pH, TDS, and water level, requiring round-the-clock monitoring and uninterrupted off-grid power, yet fixed-tilt panels lose energy as the sun moves. This study develops a single-axis solar tracker using a Zero-Order Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy controller, whose rules output constant servo angles combined by a weighted average, avoiding Mamdani-style centroid defuzzification and suiting an ESP32-S3 that also runs the monitoring node. Two LDR sensors feed five triangular membership functions to set five servo positions, with a deadband suppressing unnecessary movement. Five-day field trials in Jombang, Indonesia, using INA219 modules gave mean daily yield of 243.78 Wh versus 193.23Wh for a fixed panel (+25.91%), with the servo held stationary 55.3% of the time. Harvest exceeded the node's estimated 115.88 Wh/day load on all five days (2.1× on average; fixed panel 1.7×), supporting energy-autonomous 24/7 operation of the IoT melon hydroponic monitoring system.