This study aims to analyze the demographic composition of Indonesia based on sex, education level, livelihood, and crude birth rate (CBR) over the past 15 years (2010-2024). A descriptive analysis method kuantitative was employed using data from the World Bank, Statistics Indonesia (BPS), and other reliable sources. The results indicate that the population composition by sex is relatively balanced, with males consistently outnumbering females but without a significant gap. In terms of education, there has been a notable increase in the proportion of upper secondary school graduates, accompanied by a decline in those with no schooling. The livelihood structure remains dominated by the agricultural sector, reflecting the Lewis dual-economy model with a slow transition to the modern sector. Meanwhile, CBR shows a declining trend from 20.36 per 1,000 population in 2010 to 16.4 in 2025, influenced by increasing female education, delayed marriage, and the success of the Family Planning program. These findings underscore the need for accelerated livelihood diversification, equitable access to education, and strengthened family planning programs to support quality human resource development and sustainable economic growth.
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