<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the protection of the rights of mothers and children in correctional institutions through a comparative approach between the Indonesian legal system and those of several other countries. The research focuses on the effectiveness of legal protection for female inmates who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or caring for children, as well as the fulfillment of the rights of children within correctional institutions. The study employs a normative legal method using a comparative law approach through a literature review of legislation, international instruments, and various scientific literature. The results indicate that Indonesia has a sufficiently adequate legal foundation for protecting the rights of mothers and children in correctional institutions; however, its implementation still faces challenges such as overcrowding, limited healthcare facilities, insufficient psychological services, and suboptimal supervision. A comparison with several countries indicates that an approach based on mother-and-baby units and non-custodial sentencing alternatives is more effective in ensuring the best interests of the child and supporting the rehabilitation of female inmates. This study concludes that human rights-based and child protection-oriented corrections policy reform is urgently needed to create a more humane and gender-responsive corrections system.]]>
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