<![CDATA[The Islamic banking industry in Indonesia has grown significantly in assets; however, this growth has not always been matched by stable profitability. This study examines the effect of Third Party Funds (TPF), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), and Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) on Return on Assets (ROA) in Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. This research employs panel data obtained from the published financial statements of Islamic Commercial Banks during the study period. Panel data regression analysis is applied using the Random Effects Model (REM), which is selected based on the results of the model selection tests. The empirical results indicate that, partially, TPF, NPF, and FDR do not have a significant effect on ROA. However, they do not significantly affect ROA. The relatively low coefficient of determination suggests that the ability of TPF, NPF, and FDR to explain variations in ROA is limited, indicating that the profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks is influenced by other factors outside the proposed model. These findings imply that improving Islamic banks' profitability depends not only on fund mobilisation and financing distribution, but also on operational efficiency, management quality, and external factors.]]>
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