<![CDATA[ABSTRACTBackground: Obesity is a global health crisis underpinned by a complex interplay between genetics and environment. The β2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2), a key regulator of lipolysis and energy expenditure, is a strong candidate for obesity susceptibility. The ADRB2 Gln27Glu (rs1042714) polymorphism has been widely studied, but its association with obesity and metabolic traits remains controversial, with contradictory findings across the literature.Objectives: This narrative review aims to summarize and critically analyze the scientific literature regarding the ADRB2 rs1042714 variant. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using the Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria selected primary research articles published in English that investigated the association between ADRB2 rs1042714, obesity, body composition, and interactions with diet or physical activity.Results: The literature review confirms a profound lack of consensus. Some studies associate the Glu27 (G allele) with increased obesity risk, while others associate the Gln27 (C allele) with risk or find the G allele to be protective. These discrepancies are largely explained by three factors: 1) Ethnicity; 2) Gen-diet interaction; and 3) Gene-exercise interaction.Conclusion: The ADRB2 Gln27Glu polymorphism is not a deterministic factor for obesity. Its association with adiposity is highly context-dependent, critically modulated by genetic ancestry, dietary macronutrient composition, and physical activity levels. The contradictions in the literature highlight the necessity of moving from simple association studies to more nuanced gene-environment interaction models to understand the variant's true clinical relevance.Keywords: ADRB2; rs1042714; Gln27Glu; obesity; lipolysis]]>
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