<![CDATA[Fire is one of the most common disasters occurring in residential environments and can cause significant material losses as well as casualties. Boarding houses are particularly vulnerable to fire hazards due to the intensive use of electrical appliances and the lack of integrated monitoring systems. Based on observations conducted at Kost Bu Siti Darsono Bergas, the existing fire safety system remains conventional and does not support technology-based early fire detection, which may result in delayed identification of fire incidents and increased damage. This study aims to design and develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based fire monitoring and early warning system capable of detecting fire indications in real time and providing notifications to users. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method, consisting of problem identification, data collection, system requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and evaluation. The proposed system was developed using an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with an MQ-2 gas sensor, a DHT11 temperature sensor, and a flame sensor. The system outputs include a buzzer alarm and a pilot lamp as warning indicators. Testing results demonstrated that the system was able to detect smoke concentrations above 1500 ppm, exceeding 35°C, and the presence of flames with a detection accuracy of 93.3%. Furthermore, the average notification response time was 2.8 seconds. These results indicate that the developed system is effective in providing real-time fire early warnings and has the potential to improve safety in boarding house environments. ]]>
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