<![CDATA[The intermittency of renewable electricity presents a significant challenge for decentralized energy systems in which electrolysis is coupled to variable photovoltaic (PV) generation. This study develops a conceptual adaptive solar–electrolysis architecture for decentralized energy applications by integrating photovoltaic generation, adaptive energy management, battery buffering, wet-cell electrolysis, hydrogen-rich gas handling, safety provisions, and a potential household utilization pathway within a unified system framework. The study uses a conceptual engineering approach and does not include experimental or field measurements; it comprises functional requirement analysis, system architecture development, energy-flow formulation, adaptive operating logic, representative renewable-energy scenarios, functional comparison, and preliminary engineering assessment. Four study-specific conceptual indicators provide a structured basis for future quantitative evaluation: the Adaptive Energy Stability Index (AESI), Electrolysis Continuity Index (ECI), Renewable Adaptation Factor (RAF), and Integrated System Reliability Index (ISRI). These indicators are defined as conceptual assessment frameworks rather than established reliability standards or experimentally validated performance measures. The conceptual analysis formulates adaptive power coordination and finite battery buffering as a mechanism for managing short-term mismatches between photovoltaic generation and electrolysis demand. However, the proposed architecture cannot eliminate the effects of prolonged renewable-energy deficits because battery capacity is finite. Furthermore, when hydrogen and oxygen are not separately collected, the gas pathway considered in this study represents an H₂–O₂/HHO-type gas stream rather than experimentally verified pure hydrogen. Its actual composition, production rate, combustion behavior, and safety characteristics therefore require experimental characterization. The study establishes a preliminary system-level engineering framework for subsequent dynamic modelling, prototype development, quantitative performance assessment, safety validation, techno-economic analysis, and lifecycle environmental evaluation.]]>
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