<![CDATA[The deployment of household-scale Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems has experienced rapid growth as a clean energy transition solution in tropical regions. However, the performance and power conversion efficiency of solar modules are strongly influenced by environmental parameter fluctuations, particularly solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature. This study aims to analyze the performance and operational efficiency of a 3.3 kWp household-scale Hybrid PV system based on fluctuations in solar irradiance and environmental temperature. Operational data collection was conducted over 12 hours (08:00–20:10 WIB) at 10-minute logging intervals, covering parameters of voltage, current, DC/AC power, light intensity, and temperature. Results show that the maximum solar radiation intensity reached 342.8 W/m² at 14:40 WIB with a daily average of 144.66 W/m², while the highest ambient temperature was recorded at 49.5°C at 12:50 WIB with an average of 38.74°C. The peak power output generated by the solar module (Ppv) was 432.6 W (at 08:30 WIB) with an average power of 105.18 W. Increasing ambient temperatures above Standard Test Conditions (STC) were shown to cause a reduction in module operating voltage (Vpv) and system conversion efficiency (Sitorus et al., 2025). The MPPT-based Solar Charge Controller (SCC) and energy storage battery successfully maintained the stability of household AC electrical power supply with an average served load power of 31.32 W (Wahyu Firmansyah et al., 2025). This evaluation provides technical insight into the operational characteristics and reliability of a 3.3 kWp Hybrid PV system in supporting residential electrical energy demand]]>
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