<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the existence of bicara within the Pangadereng system of Bugis society and its relevance to criminal dispute resolution from the perspective of Islamic criminal law. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research through an examination of literature on Bugis customary law, Pangadereng, and the principles of Islamic criminal law. The data are analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, verification, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that bicara is a normative institution that plays a significant role in resolving disputes by emphasizing deliberation, justice, propriety, accountability, reconciliation, and the restoration of social relationships. These values have philosophical relevance to the principles of al-‘adl, al-ṣulḥ, al-maṣlaḥah, al-mas’ūliyyah, and al-‘afw in Islamic criminal law. This study argues that bicara has the potential to serve as a conceptual foundation for developing an integrative justice model that connects customary law, Islamic criminal law, and national law in a proportionate manner.]]>
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