<![CDATA[Background: IP-10, a chemokine, is found in high levels in drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients. This study analyzed the pre-treatment IP-10 level and its association among recurrent DR-TB patients. Method: A case-control study was conducted among DR-TB patients, newly diagnosed as the control group and the recurrent as the case group. IP-10 level was measured using the sandwich ELISA method. We used Mann-Whitney to analyze the differences in IP-10 levels between the two groups. Results: 72 DR-TB patients enrolled in this study and 45 (62.5%) were recurrent cases. The median (IQR) of IP-10 was higher in recurrent than in newly diagnosed DR-TB, 1876.4 (625.2-8313) vs 1304 (590.4-2001) pg/ml, respectively, with a P-value of 0.001. Among recurrent DR-TB, those with lung cavities had higher IP-10 levels than those without, P-value = 0.001. According to the ROC curve, the optimal cut-off value of IP-10 was 1555.6 pg/mL, with a sensitivity and specificity of 66.7% in predicting recurrent cases. The pre-treatment of IP-10 level ≥ 1555.6 pg/ml was significantly associated with recurrent DR-TB (OR = 3.625; 95% CI: 1.325-9.917), and IP-10 level ≥ 2012.4 pg/ml was significantly associated with lung cavity among recurrent DR-TB patients (OR = 7.429; 95% CI: 1.939-28.466). IP-10 level correlates with sputum smear grading (P-value=0.010; Spearman rho=0.506) among recurrent DR-TB patients. Conclusion: IP-10 level was significantly high among recurrent DR-TB patients and those with lung cavities. An IP-10 level ≥ 1555.6 pg/ml is associated with recurrent DR-TB in this case-control study. IP-10 level ≥ 2012.4 pg/ml is significantly associated with lung cavities among recurrent DR-TB patients.]]>
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