<![CDATA[Student housing blocks are used intensively and funded from institutional budgets, yet their maintenance often begins only after something breaks. This article reviews nineteen studies published between 2019 and 2026, selected through a documented search of Google Scholar and Garuda with explicit inclusion criteria, to identify the technical, economic, and management factors linked to maintenance performance, and proposes a conceptual model for Student Housing X. Technical and management factors each appeared in 10 studies, economic factors in 8, and user-side outcomes in 5. Economic aspects were measured either as budget availability or as separate life cycle cost calculations, never as long-term cost practice. In the draft instrument, two economic indicators duplicated two performance indicators, and only ten of 22 indicators measured practice. The refined model uses 19 resident-observable indicators, three reflective factors and a formative performance construct, while documents and budget projections are verified with managers outside the structural model. Present-value life cycle cost per component group is then combined with importance-performance map analysis to rank interventions for the maintenance SOP. The model and its hypotheses have not yet been tested empirically.]]>
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