<![CDATA[Older-person shares may not reflect vulnerability or environmental context. This study distinguishes demographic ageing, older-person vulnerability, and environmental context across 24 districts/cities in South Sulawesi. Estimates use 6,756 complete cases from March 2025 Susenas and a threshold of at least two of five deprivations: living alone, education, health complaints, lack of health insurance, and household barriers to nutritious food. NDVI, built-up share, and nighttime lights are population-weighted. Spearman correlations are complemented by Moran’s I and sensitivity analyses. Main prevalence is 28.24%. Ageing correlates negatively with migrant stock aged 15–59 (ρ=−0.643), although both exhibit spatial autocorrelation. Vulnerability shows no consistent ecological association with ageing, migration, or environmental indicators. Prevalence is threshold-sensitive; typologies remain unchanged in 20–22 areas under alternative thresholds and all areas under survey-weighted PCA weights. Findings support multidimensional area screening without implying causal effects.]]>
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