<![CDATA[Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) requires long-term management through effective self-management and health monitoring. Poor self-management and irregular monitoring may result in uncontrolled blood glucose and increased complications. This study aimed to describe self-management and adherence to health monitoring among patients with T2DM in Primary Health Care Center X, Surakarta, Indonesia, and identify the strongest and weakest self-management dimensions. A descriptive quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2026 involving 324 patients with T2DM recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), and a health monitoring adherence questionnaire based on primary health care standards and Prolanis guidelines. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. From this study, most respondents were aged 56–69 years (69.8%), male (62.7%), worked in the informal sector (75.0%), and had diabetes for 5–8 years (72.5%). Complications were reported by 75 respondents (23.1%), 65 (20.1%) were enrolled in Prolanis, and 148 (45.7%) had a history of smoking and/or obesity. Overall self-management was moderate (54.3%). Medication adherence was strongest (mean = 5.8 days/week, SD = 1.4), whereas physical activity, blood glucose self-monitoring, and foot care were weakest (means = 2.3, 2.8, and 2.1 days/week). Monitoring adherence was suboptimal, with 222 respondents (68.5%) non-adherent. Monitoring focused mainly on blood glucose testing (75%), while HbA1c testing (8%) and complication screening (5%) were rarely performed. These findings highlight self-management was moderate, whereas monitoring adherence remained low. Strengthening education and follow-up monitoring systems is recommended to improve diabetes management in primary health care.]]>
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