<![CDATA[As a vital sector in the economy, the banking industry in Indonesia during the 2020–2024 period faced dynamic economic fluctuations that affected corporate profitability, ranging from pandemic pressures to the recovery phase. The operational characteristics of banks, which involve loan loss provisioning estimates, often provide discretionary space for management to engage in earnings management practices triggered by conflicts of interest (agency theory). This study aims to analyze the effect of foreign ownership and managerial ownership on earnings management practices in Indonesian banking companies during the 2020–2024 period. Using a quantitative approach, this study utilizes 150 firm-year observations analyzed through multiple linear regression. The results indicate that foreign ownership has no significant effect on earnings management practices, suggesting that the monitoring function of foreign investors has not been optimal. Conversely, managerial ownership has a significant negative effect, demonstrating that aligning the interests of managers as shareholders effectively reduces opportunistic actions in financial reporting. Simultaneously, all variables show a significant effect. These findings are expected to serve as a consideration for banking governance and assist investors in assessing the reliability of financial statement information. ]]>
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