Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik (Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Pharmacy)
Vol. 23 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinis (JIFFK)

The The Potency of Wax Apple Leaves (Syzygium samarangense) as Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Computational Approach

Syifa Fitriyani (Bachelor Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia)
Alia Azka Permana (Bachelor Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia)
Nasywa Rahmatun Nissa (Bachelor Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia)
Fakhira Zahira Zahra (Bachelor Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia)
Dzava Prawinsyah Fairus Ismail (Bachelor Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia)
Bintang Satrio Mahardika (Bachelor Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia)
Dhania Novitasari (Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
07 Nov 2026

Abstract

Hypertension is a chronic disease that significantly contributes to global mortality, often presenting without symptoms but potentially leading to serious complications. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are one of the first-line therapies for hypertension, working by reducing the formation of angiotensin II. Wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) leaves have been studied for their potential pharmacological activities, including in maintaining blood pressure. This study aims to evaluate the potential of secondary metabolites from wax apple leaves as ACE inhibitor candidates using an in silico approach, including Lipinski’s Rule of Five (Ro5) screening, ADMET prediction, pharmacophore modeling, and molecular docking. A total of 22 compounds were tested, with β-sitosteryl stearate showing the highest binding affinity to the ACE receptor, indicated by its low binding energy and strong interactions with key residues at the active site. Meanwhile, gallic acid was identified as a hit compound through pharmacophore modeling and demonstrated favorable ADMET properties. These findings support the potential of Syzygium samarangense as a natural source of antihypertensive compounds and provide a foundation for further research in the development of computational-based herbal medicines.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

Farmasi

Publisher

Subject

Medicine & Pharmacology

Description

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