JOURNAL OF APPLIED INFORMATICS AND COMPUTING
Vol. 10 No. 5 (2026): October 2026

Combining Convolutional Neural Networks and XGBoost for Phishing URL Classification

Bagus Nurseto, Muhammad Narendra (Unknown)
Rafrastara, Fauzi Adi (Unknown)
Ghozi, Wildanil (Unknown)
Rakhmat Sani, Ramadhan (Unknown)
Susanto, Ajib (Unknown)
Hamadeh, Emad (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
03 Oct 2026

Abstract

Cyber threat detection failures stem from the complexity of psychological exploitation tactics leveraging target anxiety and the limitations of traditional models in analyzing non-linear correlations within the structural features of malicious web URLs. To improve classification performance and computational efficiency in feature engineering, a sequential hybrid framework is developed by combining the spatial feature extraction capabilities of RGB Color Mapping image tensors via a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with tree-based boosting classifiers (XGBoost and LightGBM). Experiments are executed using a public dataset containing 11,055 observations, applying an 80:10:10 data splitting schema and isolated MinMaxScaler normalization to eliminate data leakage risks. The evaluation results demonstrate that the hybrid CNN + XGBoost model achieves the highest performance, with a validation accuracy of 97.83% and an F1-score of 98.06%, outperforming the replicated State-of-the-Art Random Forest baseline accuracy (97.38%). The metric stability confirms that the proposed architecture possesses robust generalization capabilities for implementation as a near real-time cyber defense system.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JAIC

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT

Description

Journal of Applied Informatics and Computing (JAIC) Volume 2, Nomor 1, Juli 2018. Berisi tulisan yang diangkat dari hasil penelitian di bidang Teknologi Informatika dan Komputer Terapan dengan e-ISSN: 2548-9828. Terdapat 3 artikel yang telah ditelaah secara substansial oleh tim editorial dan ...