Jurnal Kesmas dan Gizi (JKG)
Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Kesmas dan Gizi (JKG)

Central Adiposity and Accumulation of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Elpiani Br Depari (Fakultas Kedokteran Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam)
Mona Herni Cristina Ritonga (Fakultas Kedokteran Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam)
Intan Permatasari Damanik (Fakultas Kedokteran Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam)
Habibah Zahra S Sikumbang (Fakultas Kedokteran Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam)
Putri Mulyadi Mulyadi (Fakultas Kedokteran Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Oct 2026

Abstract

Background: Cardiometabolic risk factors may accumulate during young adulthood before clinical disease develops. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) may provide additional information on central adiposity beyond body mass index (BMI). Objective: This study described cardiometabolic risk accumulation and its association with BMI and WHtR among medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 46 medical students. Anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, sleep duration, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, physical activity, and family history were assessed. BMI was categorized as <23 or ≥23 kg/m² and WHtR as <0.50 or ≥0.50. Seven risk indicators were combined into a total score. BMI and WHtR categories were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test, while risk scores were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: WHtR ≥0.50 was found in 39.1% of participants, compared with 28.3% with BMI ≥23 kg/m². Short sleep duration (<7 hours) was the most common risk factor (91.3%), followed by a family history of cardiometabolic disease (58.7%). Overall, 63.0% had 2–3 risk factors and 21.7% had ≥4. BMI category was associated with WHtR category (p<0.01). Participants with BMI ≥23 kg/m² had higher risk scores than those with BMI <23 kg/m² (median 3 vs. 2; p=0.036). Scores were also higher among those with WHtR ≥0.50 than <0.50 (median 4 vs. 2; p<0.001). Conclusion: Cardiometabolic risk factors accumulated among clinically healthy medical students. WHtR may provide additional information on central adiposity beyond BMI.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JKG

Publisher

Subject

Public Health

Description

Jurnal Kesmas & Gizi (JKG) terbit dua kali setahun yakni periode Mei-Oktober, dan November- April tiap tahunnya. Jurnal ini memberikan ruang bagi akademisi, peneliti dan pengguna hasil penelitian dan pengabdian untuk mendiseminasikan, menginformasikan, mendiskusikan dan menggunakan hasil penelitian ...