<![CDATA[Performance assessment of primary health centers is essential to ensure the quality of healthcare services, including the delivery of essential public health efforts. The performance target for essential public health efforts in Jember Regency is set at ≥82%. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with the performance of essential public health efforts. The study employed an analytical cross-sectional design conducted from April to May 2025, with a sample of 37 out of 50 units selected through simple random sampling. Primary data were collected using questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained from primary health center (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat – Puskesmas) performance assessment reports. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. The results showed that leadership (83.8%), human resource management (43.2%), and program management (56.8%) were categorized as predominantly good or moderate, while the performance of essential public health efforts was mostly categorized as good (89.2%). Significant relationships were found between leadership (p=0.036), human resource management (p=0.048), and program management (p=0.037) with the performance of essential public health efforts. The study concludes that these three factors significantly contribute to performance achievement. Therefore, health centers and district health offices should strengthen leadership practices, establish clear standard operating procedures (SOPs) for authority and decision-making, implement regular performance evaluations with measurable indicators, provide non-monetary staff recognition, and optimize quarterly monitoring and evaluation systems to support continuous program improvement and enhance the performance of essential public health efforts.]]>
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