<![CDATA[This study examines the effects of Human Capital and Structural Capital on R&D Performance through Research Competency at the Naval Research and Development Agency (DISLITBANGAL). A quantitative explanatory design was employed using survey data collected from 266 personnel selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0. The findings show that Human Capital positively influences Research Competency, whereas Structural Capital does not have a significant relationship with Research Competency. Structural Capital positively influences R&D Performance, while Human Capital does not have a significant direct effect on R&D Performance. Research Competency positively contributes to R&D Performance. The mediation analysis indicates that Research Competency mediates the relationship between Human Capital and R&D Performance, whereas it does not mediate the relationship between Structural Capital and R&D Performance. These findings demonstrate that human and structural resources contribute to R&D Performance through distinct pathways. The findings imply that DISLITBANGAL should strengthen research-specific competency development alongside organizational structures, systems, and resources that support R&D activities.]]>
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