An objective of the Robust: Research of Business and Economics Studies is to promote the wide dissemination of the results of systematic scholarly inquiries into the broad field of economics and business research. The Robust is intended to be the journal for publishing articles reporting the results of Economics and business research. The Robust invites manuscripts in the areas: Economics Management Business Studies Islamic Economics Islamic Philanthropy, Islamic Management, Islamic Finance, Islamic Marketing, Strategic Management, Operation Management, Islamic Human Resource, Islamic E-business, Islamic Accounting, Management Control System, Management Information System, International Business, Business Ethics and Sustainable, and Entrepreneurship. The Robust accepts articles in any Economics and business-related subjects and any research methodology that meet the standards established for publication in the journal. The primary, but not exclusive, audiences are academicians, graduate students, practitioners, and others interested in business research. The primary criterion for publication in Robust is the significance of the contribution an article makes to the literature in economics and business area, i.e., the significance of the contribution and on the rigor of analysis and presentation of the paper. The acceptance decision is made based upon an independent review process that provides critically constructive and prompt evaluations of submitted manuscripts.