Focus and Scope: (1) Theoretical studies, research, and development of teaching materials, activities, models, or learning media in the field of education including mathematics and natural sciences (physics, chemistry, biology, science, ICT, and its applications); (2) social science, history, geography, culture, and economy; (3) language and literature, and (4) basic education: Research actions to increase motivation, activities, interests, or learning outcomes in solving learning problems; Development or design of creativity, innovation, and technology based on software, online, or e-learning; Development of curriculum, management, programs, and other education policies.